AP.— El líder chino Xi Jinping, el mandatario indio, Narendra Modi, y otros líderes mundiales llegaron el martes a la ciudad rusa de Kazán para una cumbre del bloque BRICS de economías en desarrollo, que el Kremlin espera convertir en una plataforma para desafiar lo que algunos ven como un orden progresista occidental.
Para el presidente ruso, Vladímir Putin, la reunión de tres días también ofrece una forma enérgica de demostrar el fracaso de los esfuerzos liderados por Estados Unidos de aislar a Rusia por sus acciones en Ucrania.
El asesor de exteriores del Kremlin, Yuri Ushakov, describió la cita como “el mayor evento de política exterior que jamás se haya realizado” en suelo ruso, con 36 países asistentes, más de 20 de ellos representados por sus jefes de Estado.
La alianza que formaron en un principio Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica se ha expandido rápidamente para incluir a Irán, Egipto, Etiopía, Emiratos Árabes Unidos y Arabia Saudí. Turquía, Azerbaiyán y Malasia han solicitado oficialmente unirse al grupo, y otros pocos han expresado interés en sumarse.
Los observadores ven la cumbre de los BRICS como parte de los esfuerzos del Kremlin de mostrar el apoyo que tiene en el Sur Global en medio de crecientes tensiones con Occidente, y ayudar a expandir sus lazos económicos y financieros.
Entre los proyectos propuestos está la creación de un nuevo sistema de pago que ofrecería una alternativa a la red de mensajería bancaria global SWIFT y permitiría a Moscú eludir las sanciones occidentales y comerciar con socios.
Putin tenía previsto celebrar unas 20 reuniones bilaterales en paralelo a la cumbre, lo que incluía los encuentros del martes con Xi, Modi y el presidente de Sudáfrica, Cyril Ramaphosa.
La cumbre subrayaba la estrecha relación entre Xi y Putin, que anunciaron una alianza “sin límites” semanas antes de que Rusia invadiera Ucrania en 2022. Ya se han entrevistado al menos dos veces este año, en Beijing en mayo y en la cumbre de la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghái en Kazajistán en julio.
La cooperación de Rusia con India también ha prosperado y Nueva Delhi considera a Moscú como un socio probado por el tiempo desde la Guerra Fría, pese a los estrechos lazos de Rusia con el principal rival de India, China.
Los aliados occidentales quieren que India sea más activa a la hora de persuadir a Moscú de que ponga fin a la guerra en Ucrania, pero Modi ha evitado condenar a Rusia mientras hace hincapié en que se alcance una solución pacífica.
Modi, que visitó Rusia por última vez en julio, dijo que esta visita refleja la estrecha amistad entre sus países. En declaraciones al inicio de su reunión con Putin, también reafirmó los deseos de Nueva Delhi de paz en Ucrania.
Por su parte, Putin elogió lo que describió como una “sociedad estratégica privilegiada” entre Rusia e India.
Putin también tenía previsto reunirse con el secretario general de Naciones Unidas, António Guterres, que haría su primera visita a Rusia en más de dos años. Guterres ha criticado de forma reiterada las acciones de Rusia en Ucrania.
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