Por primera vez en la historia de la entidad, ciudadanos rarámuri tendrán un título de propiedad sobre las tierras en las que ancestralmente han vivido, y por las que han luchado contra gobiernos, empresas, y el narco.
Este viernes 20 de diciembre, alrededor de las 14:15 horas, la presidenta Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, entregará títulos de propiedad de 693 hectáreas, en Bosques San Elías Repechique, ubicada entre una zona turística importante del municipio de Bocoyna, y en la comunidad de Guasachique, Guadalupe y Calvo.
Lo anterior, es parte del Plan de Justicia de los Pueblos de la Sierra Tarahumara, que trazó como eje de gobierno, la mandataria nacional, mediante la firma de decretos de reconocimiento de propiedad comunal tradicional de tierras, a comunidades rarámuri, que a diferencia de muchas otras en el país, nunca habían recibido este derecho ciudadano.
Se trata de un gran avance, es cierto, sin embargo, tan solo en el caso de las 693 hectáreas en Bocoyna, cabe decir que son parte de las más de 10,400 que pelean jurídicamente, las y los habitantes del referido pueblo originario,
La problemática es muy conocida: tierras indígenas acaparadas por particulares, administraciones gubernamentales que las repartieron a su juicio a ejidatarios, adjudicaciones como terrenos nacionales sin escrituras.
Un ejemplo ocurre en la comunidad rarámuri de Mogótavo, asentada en Urique, sede del internacionalmente reconocido Parque Aventura, libra una demanda penal y civil, de cinco políticos-empresarios, ligados al Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), y al Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), quienes se asumen como propietarios de las tierras en donde viven los indígenas.
Omar Bazán Flores, expresidente del PRI estatal, exlegislador local, y recién nombrado por la gobernadora María Eugenia Campos Galván, como director del Colegio Nacional de Educación Profesional Técnica ( Conalep); Ricardo Orviz Blake, exdiputado local y excandidato a la alcaldía de Delicias; Ricardo Valles Alvelais, Agustín López Daumas y Jesús Alberto Cano Vélez, exlegislador por Sonora, son quienes demandan la propiedad de esos terrenos.
En el caso de la comunidad de Bosques San Elías Repechique, donde este día se entregarán escrituras, han peleado por su territorio desde hace décadas, y recién en 2014 saltó al ojo público porque se dio a conocer la falta de una consulta pública, para lograr la autorización que le permitiera al Gobierno del Estado, construir el aeropuerto de Creel, y el gasoducto Encino-Topolobampo.
Todo ello, también en medio de la voraz tala ilegal que enfrentan esas zonas, y que ha arrasado con miles y miles de hectáreas de bosque, ya que se calcula que hasta un 70% de los productos maderables fabricados y comerciados en el país, proceden de esta actividad ilícita.
Justo ese sector, es propiedad “jurídica” de 12 empresarios, de los cuales uno vendió “su parte” al Gobierno Federal, y se pudo emitir una declaratoria formal que la acredita como terreno nacional, y luego se escrituró en favor de la comunidad.
Víctor Martínez Juárez, jefe de la oficina de representación Chihuahua del Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas (INPI), dijo que el proceso se hizo ante Notaría Pública, pero está pendiente el documento expedido por la Federación.
Además, dentro del programa de atención a Conflictos Sociales en el Medio Rural (Cosomer), las autoridades tradicionales de Bosques San Elías Repechique, e integrantes de la comisión negociadora de dicho programa, firmaron la escritura el mes pasado ante una notaría de Chihuahua, que corresponde a 693-44-96 hectáreas del predio llamado Agizaina, fracción del predio Batuybo.
Lo destacable, es que quienes aparecen como dueños de esos ocho predios, de acuerdo con datos de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Rural del Estado de Chihuahua, son Manuel Navarro Trieste (predio San Javier), Mireya Ayala Torres (predio Rinconcito Lejano o Batuyvo), Carlos Aguilar Pérez (predio La Merced), Lorenso Sandoval Valenzuela (predio Aguizania), Pedro Parra Ramos (predio San Antonio y Gomegó), Laila Miledi Pérez (predio Pino Gordo), y Fernando Higinio Cuesta Miledi (predio El Venado).
En el caso de Guasachique, ubicada en Guadalupe y Calvo, y que limita con el estado de Sinaloa, hace años el Gobierno Federal declaró que era terreno nacional, y hace 24 meses, dentro del Plan Justicia, iniciaron el proceso para que se le adjudique como propiedad colectivas a la comunidad, cuyas escrituras se entregarán este viernes también, explicó Martínez Juárez.
“Una parte la estaba ejerciendo un ejido. Lo estaban habitando la comunidad, pero no tenían la certeza del territorio (…) Son más de 1,480 hectáreas las que se le reconoce”, dijo.
Hay otro proceso que va avanzado porque declararon como terreno nacional más de 502 hectáreas, en donde habitan algunos pobladores que han sido desplazados de un grupo de rancherías que pertenecen al pueblo ódami: Tepozán, Mesa Coloradas, Suspene, Tuarpia y Cordón de la Cruz, o conocido como rancho Las Agujas.
Un particular fue quien pidió el reconocimiento de esas tierras, ya que ha pretendido quedarse con ese territorio desde hace alrededor de una década, y para ello hubo ya una reunión con la representante de la oficina de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Agrario, Territorial y Urbano (Sedatu), y la representación de esas rancherías, que pertenecen a la comunidad ódami de Baborigame.
Lo que sigue es recibir la solicitud de quienes han habitado ahí por generaciones y revisar la solicitud del particular para que sobre eso, se haga el análisis de a quién le corresponde la propiedad que es del predio de “Las Agujas”.
“Nosotros, como representantes del Plan de Justicia, aspiramos a poder documentarle a la Sedatu que, quien ha tenido la posesión desde hace varias generaciones, donde hay constancia en los asentamientos, que hay derecho ancestral, es el pueblo ódami, para que lo valore”, agregó Víctor Martínez.
Esas rancherías se ubican en el límite del ejido de Baborigame, quien solicitó la escritura a su nombre es José Alderete Urtusúastegui, quien ha sido acusado por personas ódami por despojo, amenazas, entre otros delitos.
Dentro del programa Cosomer, también tienen procesos las comunidades de Mogótavo, donde estará Claudia Sheinbaum, así como Coloradas de la Virgen y Choréachi o Pino Gordo, del municipio de Guadalupe y Calvo.
La gira de la presidenta inicia en Urique, continuará en Ciudad Juárez, para inaugurar un hospital General Regional del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Posteriormente viajará a la comunidad del pueblo yaqui de Vícam, del estado de Sonora y de ahí viajará a Mazatlán, Sinaloa.
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