Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón, titular de la Secretaría de Economía (SE), descartó que el inicio de investigaciones comerciales por parte del gobierno de Estados Unidos contra 16 economías —incluida México— genere afectaciones significativas para el país, toda vez que, explicó, el 85 por ciento del comercio mexicano bajo el Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (T-MEC) no está sujeto a la Sección 301 de la Ley de Comercio de 1974 de ese país.“Seguimos sin arancel”.
Esta investigación está destinada a sustituir o remplazar o regresar al status quo que estaba antes o hasta el día en que la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos quitó o dio por hecho que la norma de emergencia no se pueda aplicar”, señaló el funcionario tras anunciar una misión comercial de México en Canadá los próximos 7 y 8 de mayo.
El secretario explicó que la Sección 301 busca ahora un sustento jurídico para posibles aranceles que sustituyan los gravámenes de emergencia aplicados el año pasado, los cuales fueron anulados por la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos. Recordó que en ese entonces se impuso un arancel de 25 por ciento a productos que no cumplían con el T-MEC, vinculado a fentanilo y migración, bajo una norma de emergencia combatida legalmente.
Tras la resolución de la Corte Suprema, que determinó que no procedía, se redujo a 10 por ciento con apoyo en la norma 122, de vigencia limitada a 150 días. “De aquí a que termina la vigencia de la 122, el gobierno de Estados Unidos lo que está haciendo es iniciar lo que se denominan investigaciones para poder fundamentar en la 301 los aranceles que en su caso pongan para regresar al estado anterior”, precisó Ebrard.
Añadió que la medida involucra a varios países, pues la norma de emergencia se utilizó para aranceles recíprocos en distintos casos. “No estimamos que vaya a tener una repercusión que nos deba preocupar en el conjunto de lo que es el intercambio comercial”, enfatizó.
El representante Comercial de Estados Unidos, Jamieson Greer, informó que la investigación abarca 16 economías: China, Unión Europea, Singapur, Suiza, Noruega, Indonesia, Malasia, Camboya, Tailandia, Corea, Vietnam, Taiwán, Bangladés, México, Japón e India. Se busca determinar si sus políticas industriales y niveles de producción manufacturera generan un “exceso estructural de capacidad” que perjudique a la industria estadunidense.
Greer argumentó que la sobreproducción de estos países desplaza la producción nacional de Estados Unidos o impide su expansión e inversión manufacturera. Subrayó que la investigación podría derivar en nuevos aranceles, tras la anulación judicial de gravámenes previos, y reafirmó el compromiso de relocalizar cadenas de suministro críticas y generar empleos bien remunerados.
Adelantó además otra investigación bajo la Sección 301 para prohibir importaciones de productos elaborados con trabajo forzado, que involucra a más de 60 países.
Ebrard confirmó que fueron avisados por Greer de la investigación contra México, y que la explicación oficial coincide con lo expuesto: no altera las reglas acordadas en el T-MEC. Sobre Canadá, que no fue incluido en esta investigación específica, indicó que cada país maneja sus contactos con Estados Unidos y que en los próximos días se informará.
La Jornada
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