Pese a que las comisiones de Justicia, Hacienda y Estudios Legislativos lo excluyeron, la mayoría de Morena y aliados del PT y PVEM aprobaron en el pleno del Senado de la República un artículo transitorio en la reforma a la Ley de Amparo para ordenar la retroactividad en los más de 700 mil juicios de amparo en trámite, contrario al artículo 14 de la Constitución que establece que ninguna ley tendrá estos efectos.
La reforma aprobada restringió los procedimientos del juicio de amparo al que pueden recurrir los ciudadanos y organizaciones sociales como un mecanismo de defensa ante los abusos del poder.
En ese marco, con el argumento de que “ni duende ni niño artillero, ni vengo a dinamitar nada”, el senador morenista Manuel Huerta presentó en el pleno la reserva para agregar el artículo transitorio en la reforma a la Ley de Amparo.
“Lo que realmente ocurre con esa modificación es que se evita que se sigan usando amparos como un recurso para dilatar sentencias firmes especialmente en materia fiscal, con lo que se impide que quienes han sido condenados evadan el cumplimiento de la justicia”, argumentó.
El propio legislador morenista reconoció que el artículo 14 de la Constitución establece el principio de no retroactividad, aunque argumentó que “no afecta derechos adquiridos porque no modifica la esencial del derecho de amparo”.
“Desde la perspectiva de la teoría de las norma tampoco hay retroactividad porque el contenido se proyecta de manera prospectiva aplicándose a los nuevos casos”, afirmó.
La reserva planteada por el veracruzano Huerta fue aprobada en votación económica y posteriormente en votación nominal.
La senadora Alejandra Barrales, de Movimiento Ciudadano, sostuvo que Morena aplicó la fórmula de la “chimoltrufia” porque en comisiones lo habían retirado, pero en el pleno le aplicaron la retroactividad a los 706 mil casos que hasta el 2024 estaban en trámite de ser resueltos; “ahí está la ilegalidad”, planteó.
Añadió que esta reforma lleva dedicatoria, aunque evitó mencionar nombres.
La senadora priista Carolina Viggiano afirmó que esta cláusula es obra del exministro Arturo Zaldívar, y destacó que el simple hecho de haber admitido un amparo ya genera derechos procesales bajo la ley vigente.
“Cambiar esas reglas en curso despoja a los justiciables de garantías procesales que ya les correspondían. Si el Congreso aprueba una ley con efectos retroactivos, los ciudadanos no sabrán nunca bajo qué reglas litigan; las actuales, pueden cambiar de golpe, eso abre la puerta a abusos y a que los juicios sean reconfigurado según conveniencia del gobierno en turno”, comentó.
El senador panista Marko Cortés afirmó que varios de los senadores de Morena no están de acuerdo de este artículo transitorio porque significa la violación de la Constitución.
Latinus
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